Bibliography of Buddhist Medicine

Compiled by C. Pierce Salguero

Last Updated:

Secondary Sources

The following list is not comprehensive, but includes the scholarship on Buddhism and medicine most relevant to my own historical research.

 

Western Languages

  1. Ahn, Juhn Young. 2007. "Malady of Meditation: A Prolegomenon to the Study of Illness and Zen." Ph.D. Diss., University of California, Berkeley.
  2. Baker, Don. 1994. "Monks, Medicine, and Miracles: Health and Healing in the History of Korean Buddhism.” Korean Studies 18: 50–75.
  3. Beckwith, Christopher. 1979. "The Introduction of Greek Medicine Into Tibet in the Seventh and Eighth Centuries." Journal of the American Oriental Society 99 (2): 297-313.
  4. Birnbaum, Raoul. 1985-86. 1985–86. "Seeking Longevity in Chinese Buddhism: Long-Life Deities and Their Symbolism.” Journal of Chinese Religions 13–14: 143–76 (reprinted as appendix to Birnbaum 1989a).
  5. ———. 1989a [1979]. The Healing Buddha. Boulder, Colo.: Shambhala.
  6. ———. 1989b. "Chinese Buddhist Traditions of Healing and the Life Cycle.” In Lawrence E. Sullivan (ed.), Healing and Restoring: Health and Medicine in the World’s Religious Traditions, pp. 33–58. London: Macmillan.
  7. Boisvert, Mathieu. 2000. "Conception and Intrauterine Life in the Pāli Canon.” Studies in Religion 29(3): 301–11.
  8. Bonardel, Françoise. 2006. "Bouddhisme et Thérapeutique." Les Cahiers bouddhiques 4: 67-90.
  9. Chen Yunü. 2008. "Buddhism and the Medical Treatment of Women in the Ming Dynasty: A Research Note.” Nan Nü: Men, Women and Gender in Early and Imperial China 10: 279–303.
  10. Crangle, Edward F. 2007. "The Bodhisattva Intent: Guanyin and the Dynamics of Healing in Buddhist Meditation." In William Magee, and Yi-hsun Huang (ed.), Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara (Guanyin) and Modern Society: Proceedings of the Fifth Chung-Hwa International Conference on Buddhism, pp. 65-110. Taipei: Dharma Drum Publishing Corporation.
  11. Demiéville, Paul. 1985 [1937]. Buddhism and Healing: Demiéville’s Article ‘Byō’ From Hōbōgirin. (Mark Tatz, Trans.) Lanham, Md.: University Press of America.
  12. Deshpande, Vijaya. 1999. "Indian Influences in Early Chinese Ophthalmology: Glaucoma as a Case Study.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 62(2): 306–22.
  13. ———. 2000. "Ophthalmic Surgery: A Chapter in the History of Sino-Indian Medical Contacts.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 63(3): 370–88.
  14. ———. 2003–04. "Nāgārjuna and Chinese Medicine.” Stvdia Asiatica 4–5: 241–57.
  15. ———. 2008, "Glimpses of Āyurveda in Medieval Chinese Medicine," Indian Journal of History of Science 43 (2): 137-61.
  16. Fenner, Edward Todd. "Rasayana Siddhi: Medicine and Alchemy in the Buddhist Tantras." Ph.D. Diss., University of Wisconsin, Madison.
  17. Fields, Gregory P. 2001. Religious Therapeutics: Body and Health in Yoga, Āyurveda, and Tantra. Albany: SUNY Press.
  18. Filliozat, Jean 1934, "La Médicine Indienne et L'expansion Bouddhique en Extrême-Orient," Journal Asiatique 224: 301-11.
  19. Garrett, Frances. 2007. "Critical Methods in Tibetan Medical Histories.” The Journal of Asian Studies 66(2): 363–87.
  20. ———. 2008. Religion, Medicine and the Human Embryo in Tibet. Abingdon, Oxon, and New York: Routledge.
  21. ———. 2009. "Tibetan Buddhist Narratives of the Forces of Creation.” In Jane Marie Law and Vanessa R. Sasson (ed.), Imagining the Fetus: The Unborn in Myth, Religion, and Culture, pp. 107–20. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  22. Gosling, David. 1985. "Thailand’s Bare-Headed Doctors." Modern Asian Studies 19 (4): 761-96.
  23. Haidar, Mansura. 2008. "Medical Works of the Medieval Period From India and Central Asia." Diogenes 218: 27-43.
  24. Haldar, J. R. 1977. Medical Science in Pali Literature. Calcutta: Indian Museum.
  25. ———. 1992. Development of Public Health in Buddhism. Varanasi: Indological Book House.
  26. Huges, James J., and Keown, Damien. 1995. "Buddhism and Medical Ethics: A Bibliographic Introduction." Journal of Buddhist Ethics 2: 105-24.
  27. Kitagawa, Joseph Mitsuo. 1989. "Buddhist Medical History.” In Lawrence E. Sullivan (ed.), Healing and Restoring: Health and Medicine in the World’s Religious Traditions, pp. 9–32. New York and London: Macmillan.
  28. Kritzer, Robert. 2009. "Life in the Womb: Conception and Gestation in Buddhist Scripture and Classical Indian Medical Literature.” In Vanessa R. Sasson and Jane Marie Law (ed.), Imagining the Fetus: The Unborn in Myth, Religion, and Culture, pp. 73–89. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  29. Liyanaratne, Jinadasa. 1999. Buddhism and Traditional Medicine in Sri Lanka. Kelaniya, Sri Lanka: University of Kelaniya.
  30. ———. 1995. "Buddhism and Traditional Medicine in Sri Lanka.” Pacific World, New Series 11: 124–42.
  31. Lo, Vivienne, and Christopher Cullen (eds.). 2005. Medieval Chinese Medicine: The Dunhuang Medical Manuscripts. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon.
  32. Mazars, Sylvain.  2008. Le bouddhisme et la medecine traditionelle de l'Inde. Paris: Springer.
  33. Mitra, Jyotir. 1974. History of Indian Medicine From Pre-Mauryan to Kusānā Period. Varanasi: Jyotirālok Prakashan.
  34. ———. 1985. A Critical Appraisal of Ayurvedic Material in Buddhist Literature with Special Reference to Tripitaka. Varanasi: Jyotiralok Prakashan.
  35. Salguero, C. Pierce. 2009. "The Buddhist Medicine King in Literary Context: Reconsidering an early example of Indian influence on Chinese medicine and surgery.” History of Religions 48 (3): 183-210.
  36. Sen, Satiranjan. 1945. "Two Medical Texts in Chinese Translation.” Visva-Bharati Annals 1: 70–95.
  37. Sengupta, Sukumar 1989, "Medical Data in the Milindapañha," in Dr. B.N. Narua Birth Centenary Commemoration Volume, pp. 111-17, Calcutta: Bengal Buddhist Association.
  38. Sharma, Arvind 1989, "The Relationship Between Disease and Karma in the Milindapañha," in Amala Prajña: Aspects of Buddhist Studies, Professor P.V. Bapat Felicitation, ed. by N.H. Samtani, pp. 139-49, Delhi: Sri Satgun Publications.
  39. Skorupski, Tadeusz. 1999. "Health and Suffering in Buddhism: Doctrinal and Existential Considerations." In John R. Hinnells, and Roy Porter (ed.), Religion, Health and Suffering, pp. 139-65. London and New York: Kegan Paul International.
  40. Strickmann, Michel. 1990. "The Consecration Sutra: A Buddhist Book of Spells." In Robert E. Jr. Buswell (ed.), Chinese Buddhist Apocrypha, pp. 75-118. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
  41. Strickmann, Michel. 2002. Chinese Magical Medicine. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  42. Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff). 2001. The Buddhist Monastic Code II: The Khandaka Training Rules Translated and Explained, 2nd Ed. Valley Center, CA: Metta Forest Monestary. [See Chapter 5]
  43. Unschuld, Paul U. 1979. "The Chinese Reception of Indian Medicine in the First Millennium A.D." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 53 (3): 329-45.
  44. Unschuld, Paul U. 1985. Medicine in China: A History of Ideas. Berkeley: University of California Press. [Chapter 6 and Appendix, 6.1-6.2]
  45. Wallace, Vesna 1985, "Buddhist Tantric Medicine in the Kālacakratantra," Pacific World 11: 155-74.
  46. Walter, Michael Lee. 1980. "The Role of Alchemy and Medicine in Indo-Tibetan Tantrism." Ph.D. Diss., Indiana University.
  47. Williams, Duncan Ryūken 2005, "The Other Side of Zen: A Social History of Sōtō Zen: Buddhism in Tokugawa Japan," Princeton: Princeton University Press. [See Chapter 5 and Appendix B]
  48. Wu, Yi-Li. 2000 June, 2000. "The Bamboo Grove Monastery and Popular Gynecology in Qing China." Late Imperial China 21 (1): 41-76.
  49. Yoshinobu, Sakade 坂出祥伸. 1998. "Sun Simiao et le Bouddhisme [Sun Simiao and Buddhism]." Kansai daigaku bunka ronshū 関西大学文化論集 42(1): 81-98.
  50. Zwiling, Leonard 1980, "On Bhaisajyaguru and his Cult," in Studies in the History of Buddhism: Papers Presented At the International Conference on the History of Buddhism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, pp. 413-21, Delhi: B.R. Publishing.
  51. Zysk, Kenneth G. 1982. "Studies in Traditional Indian Medicine in the Pāli Canon: Jīvaka and Āyurveda." Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 5 (1): 70-86.
  52. ———. 1995, "New Approaches to the Study of Early Buddhist Medicine: Use of Technical Brahmanic Sources in Sanskrit for the Interpretation of Pali Medical Texts," Pacific World 11-12: 143-54.
  53. ———. 1998 [1991]. Asceticism and Healing in Ancient India: Medicine in the Buddhist Monastery. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

 

Eastern Languages

  1. Tso Sze-bong [Cao Shibang] 曹仕邦. 1980. “Sifen lü zhong youguan yiliao de ziliao 四分律中有關醫療的資料.” Nanyang fojiao 南洋佛教 139: 11–14.
  2. ———. 1994. “Zhongguo shamen de yiyao zhishi jiqi chengjiu 中國沙門的醫藥智識及其成就 (The Chinese Sangha’s Medical Knowledge and Its Contributions).” In Tso Sze-bong 曹仕邦 (ed.), Zhongguo shamen waixue de yanjiu: Hanmo zhi wudai 中國沙門外學的研究: 漢末至五代 (Research on the Chinese Sangha’s Extracanonical Studies: The End of the Han to the Five Dynasties), pp. 387–405. Taipei: Dongchu 東初.
  3. Chen Ming 陳明. 2002. Yindu fanwen yidian ‘Yili jinghua’ yanjiu 印度梵文醫典《醫理精華》研究(Research on the Indian Sanskrit Medical Classic Siddhasāra). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju 中华书局.
  4. ———. 2005a. Dunhuang chutu huhua qipo shu yanjiu 敦煌出土胡話《老婆書》研究 (English title: A Study on Sanskrit Text of Jīvaka-Pustaka from Dunhuang). Hong Kong: Xinwen feng chuban gongsi.
  5. ———. 2005b. “Zhuan nü wei nan: Turning Female to Male, an Indian Influence on Chinese Gynaecology?” Asian Medicine: Tradition and Modernity 1(2): 315–34.
  6. ———. 2005c. Shufang yiyao: Chutu wenshu yu xiyu yixue 殊方異藥：出土文書與西域醫學 (English title: Foreign Medicine in Medieval China: Medical Manuscripts Discovered in Dunhuang and Western Regions). Beijing: Peking University Press.
  7. ———. 2006. “Hanyi mijiao wenxian zhong de shengming weituo chengfen bianxi — yi tongzi fang he yanyao fang weili 漢譯密教文獻中的生命吠陀成分辨析—以童子方和眼藥方為例 (Ayurvedic Knowledge in Chinese Tantric Texts: The Cases of Children's Prescriptions and Eye Medicines).” Gujin Lunheng 古今論衡14: 28–46.
  8. ———. 2007. “The Transmission of Foreign Medicine Via the Silk Roads in Medieval China: A Case Study of the Haiyao Bencao 海药本草.” Asian Medicine 3(2): 241–64
  9. Cong Chunyu 丛春雨. 1994. Dunhuang zhongyiyao quanshu 敦煌中医药全书(The Complete Book of Chinese Medicine at Dunhuang). Beijing: Zhongguo guji chubanshe 中国古籍出版社.
  10. Fu Fang 傅芳 and Ni Qing 倪靑 (eds.). 1996. Zhongguo Foyi Renwu Xiaozhuan 中囯佛医人物小传 (Short Biographies of Chinese Buddhist Medical Personages). Xiamen: Lujiang chubanshe 鹭江出版社.
  11. Fukunaga Katsumi 福永勝美. 1972. Bukkyō igaku shōsetsu 佛教醫學詳說 (A Comprehensive Explanation of Buddhist Medicine). Tokyo: Yūzankaku.
  12. ———. 1990. Bukkyō igaku jiten 仏教医学事典 (Encyclopedia of Buddhist Medicine). Tokyo: Yūzankaku.
  13. Geng Liutong 耿劉同. 1993. Foxue yu zhongyixue 佛学与中医学 (Buddhism and Chinese Medicine). Fuzhou: Fujian kexue jishu chubanshe 福建科学技朮出版社.
  14. Huang Poyuan 黃柏源. 2000. “Zhiyi yixue sixiang zhi yanjiu, yi Mohe zhiguan ‘Guanbing huanjing’ wei zhongxin 智顗醫學思想之研究—以《摩訶止觀》「觀病患境」為中心 (English Title: A Study on Zhiyi's thought of Medical Science—Focus on ‘Contemplation in a State of Illness’ of Mo-Ho-Chih-Kuan).” M.A. Thesis, Hua-fan daxue 華梵大學.
  15. Li Yingcun 李應存. 2006. Dunhuang fo-ru-dao xiangguan yishu shiyao 敦煌佛儒道相关医书释要(Precis of the Interrelations Between Dunhuang Buddhist, Confucian, and Daoist Medical Documents). Beijing: Minzhu chubanshe 民族出版社.
  16. Ma Boying 马伯英, Gao Xi 高唏, and Hong Zhongli 洪中立. 1993. Zhong-wai yixue wenhua jiaoliu shi 中外医学文化交流史 (English Title: History of Medical Cultural Exchange Between China and Foreign Countries: Intercultural Dissemination of Traditional Chinese and Foreign Medicines). Shanghai: Wen hui chubanshe 文匯出版社.
  17. Ma Zhonggeng 马忠庚. 2005. “Han-Tang fojiao yu kexue — jiyu fozang wenxian de yanjiu 汉唐佛教与科学 — 基于佛藏文献的研究 (Buddhism and Science From Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty: A Study Based on the Chinese Tripitaka).” Ph.D. Diss., Shandong University.
  18. Michihata Ryoshu 道端良秀. 1965. "Chugoku Ni Okeru Bukkyō Igaku 中国における仏教医学 (Buddhism in Chinese Medicine)." Sukkyo kenkyu 宗教研究39 (2): 47-69.
  19. Nihonyanagi Kenji 二本柳賢司. 1995. Bukkyō Igaku Gaiyō 佛教醫學概要 (An Outline of Buddhist Medicine). Kyoto: Hozokan.
  20. Obinata Daijō 大日方大乗. 1962. Bukkyō eisei gaku 仏教衛生学 (A Study of Buddhist Hygiene). Tokyo: Sanko.
  21. ———. 1965. Bukkyō Igaku No Kenkyū 仏教医学の硏究 (A Study of Buddhism and Medicine). Tokyo: Kazama Shobō, 風間書房.
  22. Tu Zhimao 涂志懋. 2001. “Fojiao yifangming de yinshi yaowu liaofa 佛教醫方明的飲食藥物療法 (Buddhist Medicine’s Dietary and Medicinal Therapeutics).” Ph.D. Diss., Faguang fojiao wenhua yanjiusuo 法光佛教文化研究所.
  23. Wang Xiaoxian 王孝先. 1994. Sichouzilu yiyaoxue jiaoliu yanjiu 丝绸之路医药学交流硏究(A Study of Silk Road Medical Exchange). Urumqi: Xinjiang renmin chubanshe 新疆人民出版社.
  24. Xue Gongchen 薛公忱. 2006. Ru dao fo yu zhongyiyao xue 儒道佛与中医药学 (A Study of Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, and Chinese Medicine). Beijing: Zhongguo shudian 中国书店.

 

 

Primary sources: Important medical texts in the Taishō Tripitaka

 

This list includes major sources of Buddhist medicine from the medieval period discussed and consulted in this dissertation. Notes have been made when these have been substantially discussed, partially translated, or fully translated in Western languages. References in parentheses are studies or translation of comparable non-Chinese sources.



MEDICAL DOCTRINE

Embryological treatises:

  • T . 310.13, Sutra Spoken to Ānanda on Abiding in the Womb (Fo wei Anan shuo chutai hui 佛為阿難說處胎會)
  • T. 310.14, Sutra on Entering the Womb (Fo shuo ru taizang hui 佛說入胎藏會)
  • T. 317, The Womb Sutra (Baotai jing 佛說胞胎經)
  • T. 1451: 251a-262a, Sutra on Entering the Mother’s Womb (Ru mutai jing 入母胎經)

Discussion of genre in Kritzer 2009.
German trans. of T. 317 in Huebotter 1932.
(English trans. of Tibetan in Langenberg 2008.)

Sutra on Buddhist Medicine:

  • T. 793, Foshuo foyi jing 佛說佛醫經

    Trans. in S. Sen 1945; Unschuld 1985: 309–14.

Sutra of Golden Light:

  • T. 663, Jin guangming jing 金光明經
  • T. 664, Hebu jin guangming jing 合部金光明經
  • T. 665, Jin guangming zuisheng wang jing 金光明最勝王經

    (Trans. of Sanskrit in Emmerick 2004.)

Yogācārabhūmi Sutra:

  • T. 606, Xiuxing daodi jing 修行道地經
  • T. 607, Daodi jing 道地經
  • T. 608, Xiao daodi jing 小道地經

    Discussed and summarized in Demiéville 1954.

Sutra on the Saunas and Baths of the Sangha:

  • T. 701, Foshuo wenshi xiyu zhongseng jing 佛說溫室洗浴眾僧經



HEALING DEITIES & RITUAL

Lotus Sutra:

  • T. 262, Miaofa lianhua jing 妙法蓮華經
    T. 263, Zhengfahua jing 正法華經

    Trans. Watson 1993.

Medicine Buddha Sutra:

  • T. 449, Sutra on the Fundamental Vows of the Master of Healing Tathāgata (Foshuo Yaoshi rulai benyuan jing 佛說藥師如來本願經)
  • T. 450, Sutra on the Merits of the Fundamental Vows of the Master of Healing, the Lapis Lazuli Radiance Tathāgata (Yaoshi liuliguang rulai benyuan gongde jing 藥師琉璃光如來本願功德經)
  • T. 451, Sutra on the Merits of the Fundamental Vows of the Seven Buddhas of Lapis Lazuli Radiance, the Masters of Healing (Yaoshi liuliguang qifo benyuan gongde jing 藥師琉璃光七佛本願功德經)
  • T. 1331, Consecration Sutra (Guanding jing 灌頂經), Chapter 12

    Trans. Birnbaum 1979; Hsing Yun 2005.

Sutras on healing bodhisattvas:

  • T. 1136, Sutra on Samantabhadra’s Adamantine and Superlative Dhāraṇī for Prolonging the Life Span, a Radiant Blessing Bestowed from the Hearts of all the Buddhas (Foshuo yiqie zhu rulai xin guangming jiachi Puxian pusa yanming jingang zuisheng tuoluoni jing 佛說一切諸如來心光明加持普賢菩薩延命金剛最勝陀羅尼經)
  • T. 1161, Sutra on the Contemplation of the Two Bodhisattvas, King of Healing and Supreme Healing (Foshuo guan Yaowang Yaoshang er pusa jing 佛說觀藥王藥上二菩薩經)

Discussion and trans. in Birnbaum 1979.

Healing dhāraṇī and collections:

  • T. 901, Dhāraṇī Compilation (Tuoluoni ji jing 陀羅尼集經)
  • T. 982–988, Sutra of the Luminous Queen Peahen (Kongque mingwang jing 孔雀明王經)
  • T. 997, Dhāraṇī for Safeguarding Nation, Realm, and Ruler (Shouhu guojiezhu tuoluoni jing 守護國界主陀羅尼經)
  • T. 1028A, Dhāraṇī for the Protection of All Children (Foshuo hu zhu tongzi tuoluoni jing 佛說護諸童子陀羅尼經)
  • T. 1028B, Method of Recitation of the Sutra on [the Dhāraṇī for the Protection of All] Children (Tongzi jing niansong fa 童子經念誦法)
  • T. 1043, Sutra of the Dhāraṇī Spell to Ask Guanyin Bodhisattva to Absorb Poisons (Qing Guanshiyin pusa xiaofu duhuai tuoluoni zhoujing 請觀世音菩薩消伏毒害陀羅尼咒經)
  • T. 1059, Sutra on the Use of Medicinal Herbs for Healing Illness by the Thousand-eyes, Thousand-hands Avalokitêśvara (Qianshou qianyan guanshiyin pusa zhibing heyao jing 千手千眼觀世音菩薩治病合藥經)
  • T. 1323, Dhāraṇī to Eliminate All Diseases (Chu yiqie jibing tuoluoni jing 除一切疾病陀羅尼經)
  • T. 1324, Dhāraṇī that Can Clear Up All Eye Diseases (Nengjing yiqie yan jibing tuoluoni jing 能淨一切眼疾病陀羅尼經)
  • T. 1325, Sutra on the Treatment of Sores (Foshuo liao zhibing jing 佛說療痔病經)
  • T. 1326, Spell for the Illness of Seasonal Qi (Foshuo zhou shiqi bing jing 佛說咒時氣病經)
  • T. 1327, Spell for the Teeth (Foshuo zhou chi jing 佛說咒齒經)
  • T. 1328, Spell for the Eyes (Foshuo zhou mu jing 佛說咒目經)
  • T. 1329, Spell for Children (Foshuo zhou xiaoer jing 佛說咒小兒經)
  • T. 1330, Sutra on the Cure of Childhood Diseases Spoken by Rāvaṇa (Luomona shuo jiuliao xiaoer jibing jing 囉嚩拏說救療小兒疾病經; Skt. Rāvaṇakumāratantra)
  • T. 1331, Consecration Sutra (Foshuo guanding jing 佛說灌頂經)
  • T. 1332, Great Dhāraṇī Sprit-Spell Spoken by the Seven Buddhas and Eight Bodhisattvas (Qi fo ba pusa suoshuo da tuoluoni shenzhoujing 七佛八菩薩所說大陀羅尼神咒經)
  • T. 1336, Dhāraṇī Miscellany (Tuoluoni zaji 陀羅尼雜集)
  • T. 1691, Sutra on Women’s Medicine Spoken by the Sage Kāśyapa (Jiaye xianren shuo yi nüren jing 迦葉仙人說醫女人經; Skt. Kāśyapasaṃhitā)
  • T. 2122, Forest of Gems in the Garden of the Dharma (Fayuan zhulin 法苑珠林), fasc. 60

    See discussion of the genre and summaries of contents in Strickmann 1990, 2002: 89–122.
    Trans. of T. 1059 in S. Sen 1945; Unschuld 1985: 314–21.

Texts featuring therapeutic seals and talismans:

  • T. 1227, Sutra of the Mighty Luminous King Ucchuṣma (Daweili wushusemo mingwang jing 大威力烏樞瑟摩明王經)
  • T. 1229, Ucchuṣma’s Sutra on the Rite for the Expulsion of One Hundred Apparitions (Huiji jin’gang jin baibian fa jing 穢跡金剛禁百變法經)
  • T. 1238, Dhāraṇī Sutra of Āṭavaka the Demon General (Azhapojü guishen dajiang shang fo tuoluoni shenzhoujing 阿吒婆[牛*句]鬼神大將上佛陀羅尼經)
  • T. 1265, Dhāraṇī Spell for Jāṃgulī the Poison-Woman (Foshuo Changjuli dunü tuoluoni zhoujing 佛說常瞿利毒女陀羅尼咒經)
  • T. 1420, Nāgārjuna’s Treatise on the Five Sciences (Longshu wuming lun 龍樹五明論)

See discussion and partial translations in Strickmann 2002: 123–193.


Texts featuring therapeutic spirit-posession (aveśa):

  • T. 895A-B, Questions of Subāhu (Supohu tongzi qingwen jing 蘇婆呼童子請問經)
  • T. 1097, Amoghapāśa Dhāraṇī Sutra of Guanyin (Bukongjuansu tuoluoni Zizai wang zhoujing 不空罥索陀羅尼自在王咒經)
  • T. 1248, Mantra for Protection of the Northern King Vaiśravāna, Whom Armies Follow (Beifang Pishamentianwang Suijun hufa zhenyan 北方毘沙門天王隨軍護法真言)

See discussion and partial translations in Strickmann 2002: 204–38.



HEALING MEDITATIONS

Secret Essentials for Curing the Diseases of Meditation:

  • T. 620, Zhi chanbing miyao fa 治禪病祕要法

See discussion in Strickmann 2002; Birnbaum 1989b; Yamabe 1999.

On śamatha and vipaśyanā:

  • T. 1911, Great [Treatise] on Śamatha and Vipaśyanā Meditation (Mohe zhiguan 摩訶止觀)
  • T. 1915, Essentials of Practicing Śamatha and Vipaśyanā Meditation (Xiuxi zhiguan zuochan fayao 修習止觀坐禪法要)

    Trans. of T. 1915 in Bhikshu Dharmamitra 2008.



HAGIOGRAPHIES

Jivaka Sutra:

  • T. 553, Amrapāli and Jīvaka Avadana Sutra (Foshuo Nainü Qiyu yinyuan jing 佛說奈女祇域因緣經)
  • T. 554, Amrapāli and Jīvaka Sutra (Foshuo Nainü Qipo jing 佛說柰女耆婆經)
  • T. 1428: 851–54
  • T. 2121: 166–170

    See discussion in Zysk 1998; Salguero 2009.
    French trans. in Chavannes 1962.

Lives of Eminent Monks:

  • T. 2059, Gaoseng zhuan 高僧傳

    Trans. of biography of Fotucheng in Wright 1948.
    Discussion of genre in Kieschnick 1997.



TRAVELOGUES

Buddhist Monastic Traditions of Southern Asia:

  • T. 2125, Record of Buddhist Practices Sent Home from the Southern Seas (Nanhai jigui neifa zhuan 南海寄歸內法傳), Ch. 4–8, 20, 23, 27–29.

Trans. in Takakusu 1966; Li Rongxi 2000.



VINAYA TEXTS

Medical sections:

  • T. 1421: 147b1–147c28, Mahīśāsaka Vinaya’s “Rules on medicines” (yao fa 藥法)
  • T. 1425: 457b3–23, Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya’s “Explanation of miscellaneous rules” (ming za song baqu fa 明雜誦跋渠法)
  • T. 1428: 866c1–877c4, Dharmaguptaka Vinaya’s “Collection of rules on medicines” (yao qiandu 藥揵度)
  • T. 1435: 184b18–194b3, Sarvāstivāda Vinaya’s “Rules on medicine” (yiyao fa 醫藥法)
  • T. 1448: 1a1–97a24, Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya’s “Medical matters” (yao shi 藥事)

    Discussion in Jaworski 1927, 1931.
    (See discussion of comparable section of Theravada Vinaya in Ṭhānissaro 2001: 54–68.)



DUNHUANG MANUSCRIPTS

  • T. 2865–2866, Sutra on Protection of the Lifespan (Hu shenming jing 護身命經)
  • T. 2878, Sutra on Deliverance from Disease (Foshuo jiuji jing 佛說救疾經)
  • T. 2916, Sutra Urging Kindness (Quanshan jing 勸善經)

 

MISCELANEOUS

Diverse selections from the Chinese Tripitaka with medical content are discussed and translated in Demiéville 1985.
(Selections from the Pāli Canon are discussed in Mitra 1985.)